Muhammad Mukarram Technical Services L.L.C

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The Benefits of Using a Lathe Machine

The lathe machine tool shapes an object by cutting, sanding, drilling or formation with tool by rotating the object on its axis. Generally a lathe machine is used to give shape to workpieces and has many parts. Most of them are feed service lever, back gear level, head stock, face plate, tool post, compound rest, saddle, clutch knob and half nut lever. Each and every part of the machine is very important and performs very complicated functions. The person who operates the machine is called turner. It fully depends on the experienced turner to do a great job which demands huge level of attention.

There are different types of lathe machines which are used for wood working, metal working, glass working, metal spinning, ornamental turning, shaping, rotary & watchmaking. Every type of lathe is used for specific function. For example, a steel workshop uses metal working lathes & a carpentry workshop uses wood working ones. A Lathe machine can be used to shape different objects. Besides, a solid round bar can be shaped to a bolt by making specific thread. It can be used for complicated drilling where it’s hard in the general drilling machine and can drill at specific angles by setting degrees.

Boring is the another function of lathe machine which is used to make holes inside an object. It can cut 6 inches of hole easily by using sharp tools. There are two types of tools mostly used for cutting solid material like M.S. cutting tool & diamond cutting tool. These two kinds of tools are used for fine tuning an object. The lathe object is used to sharpen is an alloy which is formed by adding some materials to harden it. Lathing concept has been formed since 1300(B.C) to the present. During this time it had evolved for different functions especially in mechanical works, carpentry works, glass works and steel fabrication where it’s contribution has been very essential.

Source by Sam Mathews

What Is a Pop-Up Waste System for Your Sink or Basin, and How Does It Differ From Other Systems?

In plumbing, the term ‘waste’ refers to the tube which is fixed at the base of a sink, basin or sanitary device (such as toilet or bidet). This tube is made of metal and allows waste water to run through it, via a trap, and then into a drain, while also acting as a barrier to possible blockages.

The top of the waste is called the shoulder or flange and this is the metal part you see in the plughole, the finish on the flange will usually match the finish on the taps of the basin.

Wastes are made to standard sizes in order to fit any basin waste hole and usually come supplied with a specific type of plug, stopper or grill. Bathroom sinks usually have a waste diameter of 32mm (1.25″) while baths, showers and kitchen sinks will usually be 40mm (1.5″).

There are a number of different types of waste available for sinks and basins, the pop up waste is just one type.

Pop-up wastes

A pop-up waste, or pop up assembly, refers to the type of pipe fitting that joins a sink, basin or bidet to a waste pipe at the plughole. They incorporate a plug or stopper which is operated with a control. You may also find pop-up wastes in other sanitary appliances.

The control on the pop up waste is usually a lever you pull or a knob you turn. It is often found behind or on the tap fixture, or it may be attached to the overflow which is usually below the tap, in the basin. To operate the pop-up stopper, the lever is pulled up to close the plug and pushed down to open it, or the knob is turned one way to open and the other to close.

Other waste systems

Plug and chain wastes are a traditional style of waste with a plug connected to a chain that can be used to block the plug hole.

Clicker wastes have a stopper that is operated by pushing it. You push once to close it and push again to open it, and so it does not have a separate control like the pop-up waste. This waste can also be referred to as the push button waste, click-clack waste or sprung plug.

Flip top wastes have a simple design has a disc-shaped stopper that can be rotated to open or close the plug hole.

Captive wastes have a plug that sits on a bar and remains in the plughole. It is pulled up to open or pushed down to close. This type of waste is fairly common in public bathrooms as the plug cannot be removed.

Basket strainer wastes are common in kitchen sinks as it has a strainer which will prevent food and other waste from blocking the drain of the sink by collecting it before it can pass through the waste. The basket stopper in this waste can be operated in a similar way to the pop-up waste, with a control to lift and lower it, or it can simply be pulled in and out.

Flush grated wastes are common in showers or sinks where the waste water needs to continuously flow away, as these wastes do not fit a plug or stopper.

Slotted wastes or unslotted wastes?

Most wastes will be available in both slotted and unslotted forms. The type of waste you need will depend on whether the basin has an overflow built-in it or not. The overflow of a sink assists with drainage as it allows air into the drain when the sink is full. A sink without an overflow will act like a vacuum when full and will drain slower, therefore if you do have a built in overflow it is a good idea to ensure it is working correctly. Most sinks will have a built-in overflow; these will require slotted wastes. This is so that when the water passes through the overflow it can flow through the holes into the drain. It is important to ensure the slots of the waste line up with the overflow so the water can run efficiently. Unslotted wastes do not have any holes and should only be installed into systems without an overflow.

Source by Lori Jones

Micro Entrepreneurs

Micro entrepreneurs are the owners of small businesses that have fewer than five employees and have startup costs of less than $35,000 and annual revenue of less than $100,000. There are nearly 21.5 million micro entrepreneurs in the U.S. Examples of micro entrepreneurs are owners of bakeries, beauty parlors, child care facilities, repair shops, arts and crafts shops, painting businesses, contracting businesses, family-owned shops, auto body shops, small-scale restaurants, and small-inventory trading businesses.

Micro entrepreneurs face many hurdles in getting startup financing, and they sometimes lack the skills necessary to manage the financial aspect of their business. As a result, many micro entrepreneurs cannot grow and develop their business beyond a micro enterprise. Various micro enterprise development programs have helped micro entrepreneurs achieve great success and growth. These micro enterprise development programs have immensely helped micro entrepreneurs who lack collateral needed to secure a loan or those who have low or no credit by providing them with training, support, help in developing a solid business plan, and assistance in building their businesses. Successful micro entrepreneurs have contributed much to society by creating wealth, economic assets, and jobs.

How To Become A Micro Entrepreneur

It is essential to study the market thoroughly and understand that market’s customers before deciding on the type and kind of product or service to be offered.

Here are some suggestions:

Work out a sound business plan by doing extensive research and seeking help from the various micro enterprise development programs.

Make arrangements for the startup capital by using savings, opting for a micro loan program, or applying for a grant.

Do extensive market research, get the necessary training and skills required, and learn how to use technology to help run your business easily.

Study the competition and analyze how you can better them.

Get a good retail space to run your business as well as decide on the price, making sure it is right and has a profit margin; decide how to utilize the profit, whether you want to save it or reinvest and expand your micro business.

Make sure that the quality of the product is never compromised and that your customers are happy, ensuring customer retention.

Assistance for Micro Entrepreneurs

Micro entrepreneurs in the U.S. are in need of training and skill development workshops as well as help in utilizing technology to help run their business. Some micro entrepreneurs need access to easily available funds for startup and growth. In order to encourage more people to become micro entrepreneurs, state, federal, and private sectors should make available ample funding for such enterprises.

With a little effort, you can find firms that sell their services as well as products to help run successful businesses. You can even seek professional help to arrange business credit for micro enterprises.

Source by Alexander Gordon

Why You Need Trustworthy Plumbing Services

Regular maintenance is required to maintain your pipes and fixtures in good condition for the smooth and efficient distribution of water and/or gas in your home or office and for the appropriate disposal of sewage. That’s why it is vital to hire a plumbing company to help you. Remember one thing, you should never ignore or postpone any plumbing repairs or maintenance as it may lead to bigger issues in the future. If the plumbing issues are not attended at the proper time, it may lead to the major problem. The majority of people look for the services of a professional plumber when they have an emergency. However, you also require plumbing services for ongoing maintenance on a regular basis to keep you away from bigger repairs; thus, it is prudent to search for a trustworthy plumbing service provider to help you. The water systems are one of the indispensable components that we use regularly on a daily basis even without realising it. Similar to other systems, the water supply system will also begin to cause issues and will require preservation services.

The significance and advantages of hiring plumbing services

The majority of us try to repair plumbing problems on our own, but we often fail to see other main problems that may have caused the problem. This is exactly where you need the assistance of a plumbing service who has trained personnel to clean badly clogged toilets, fix leaking pipes that are concealed in the basement and repair busted pipes that may ruin your furniture.

To work on plumbing jobs, one requires practical skills and sound knowledge that only professional plumbers will have. Professionals will have all the newest tools to repair and solve major plumbing problems with minimal of time and know how to use them efficiently. The services rendered by the professional plumbers are lasting solutions and they aren’t just one-time fixes. The important part is that when you call a plumbing service, they will assist in spotting and fixing the problems from the root-source.

Professional companies provide a range of plumbing services that include attending to burst pipes and water leaks; repairing taps; repairing toilets; hot water heater installation, service, maintenance and repairs; detecting leaks; clearing blocked drains; gas fitting and many more. These companies also render emergency plumbing services at short notices. In case, you ever encounter a plumbing emergency at odd hours, help is just a call away. These professional companies will not only fix the issue but also will offer a detailed report of what may have caused the problem and highlight the hidden elements, which most of us will not even observe.

Source by Addison C Johnson

Electrical Switches and Sockets – A Buyer’s Guide

This is a layman’s guide to the things you should consider before embarking on a new build or renovation project.

Terminology

The first problem many people encounter is the bewildering array of electrical terminology used. Here is a brief explanation of the basic terms you will come across.

Gang: the number of switches or sockets on one plate. A light switch with 3 switches is called a 3 gang switch. A standard double socket is called a 2 gang socket.

Way: the number of switches capable of switching a light. For flexibility, most switches are 2-way. A light controlled from 1 switch only requires a 1-way switch (although a 2-way switch can be used without any problems). A light controlled from 2 switches e.g. a landing light, will require two 2-way switches.

Intermediate: if a light can be activated from 3 different switches, two of them will need to be 2-way switches, and the third an intermediate switch.

Single Pole: a single pole switch has one contact. When switched it will break only the live current and leave the neutral current intact.

Double Pole: a double pole switch has two separate contacts and will break both live and neutral currents. Double pole switches are recommended in most situations, especially if there are children in the house.

Planning

Remember, you can put as many switches and sockets onto an electrical circuit as you require. However, it is still worth planning where you will need them before you buy. You should think about the different needs of the room and your lifestyle: where do you require most power sockets? With the proliferation of electrical gadgets you should install more sockets than you think you will need, and make them double sockets rather than single sockets, as the price difference is minimal.

Always buy switched sockets for extra protection. This does not apply to sockets for kitchen appliances such as freezers, which should not be switched in case the switches are accidentally turned off.

Most people only put 1 TV point in a room; don’t make that mistake! Install TV points on at least 2 different walls in a room, you may well want to re-arrange the furniture and move the TV in the future.

Also consider the lighting needs of a room. Dimmer switches provide a relatively cheap and easy way to vary the light levels in a room, particularly useful for creating different moods in dining, living or bedrooms. Remember that if a light is to be operated from 2 places, and one of the switches to be used is a dimmer, the other must be a standard 2-way light switch, not a dimmer.

Flat or raised plate?

The differences here are more than simply aesthetic. Flat plate sockets look sleek, modern and sophisticated, but they also offer a practical, space-saving solution to fitting sockets behind furniture. However, the drawback for renovations is that they often require deeper back boxes than were originally installed, 35mm rather than 25mm. Changing back boxes can be time consuming and messy.

Screwed or screwless?

Aesthetically, screwless flat plate switches give an even more modern look than screwed flat plate, but screwless switches and sockets have an added advantage: they save you time and money too, as they can be fitted without the front plate before you decorate, then painted around quickly and easily without the use of masking tape or worrying about marking the plate. When dry, simply clip the front plate on.

Finishes

Polished chrome, brushed steel and black nickel are the most popular modern finishes. The disadvantage of polished chrome particularly is that it shows up finger marks very easily. One way to help to avoid this is to choose a range where the plate is polished chrome or black nickel, but the switches themselves are made of black or white plastic. Of the 3 finishes mentioned above, brushed steel (also known as brushed chrome) is the easiest to keep clean.

Now you’re ready to take the next step of your project. Good luck!

Source by Paul Blythe

Examples of Property Maintenance

The term and idea of property maintenance was developed to provide comprehensive maintenance services to the retail, commercial and industrial sectors throughout the UK.

As the prices of the property market continue to increase there has never been more of a need to provide effective maintenance of existing property. Maintenance of property now also represents a significant proportion of the construction output.

Maintaining a building involves the need to carry out numerous tasks. This is especially true with older structures as more work may be needed on them to keep them in good working condition.

Property maintenance makes up just one of the tasks that can be carried out by a property management company. The task of property maintenance refers to several tasks and can refer to both emergency repair work and more cosmetic work. Whether you need work to be carried out such as electrical installation, building repair work or fixing a roof a property management team can perform all of these tasks as part of their property maintenance work. Also classed as property maintenance are aspects such as interior painting, plastering and carpentry work; whether aspects such as these are being done merely to improve the look or a property or because they are needed as repair work, again, a property maintenance team can perform all of these tasks.

Below are a few example of what constitutes property maintenance:

Building Repairs

Building Repairs is a broad term; it can cover straight forwards repairs that can be done within a day, through to other repairs that are more complicated where major work will needed to be carried out. Work such as this could range from weeks to even months to repair. Maintenance of your property and any alterations you might consider can save you from having to face expensive costs when things get to a point beyond repair.

Electrical Installation

Electrical Installation is a process that shouldn’t be taken lightly; even the smallest mistakes can result in severe consequences. This is why it is always best to enlist the help of a professional when it come to doing any electrical installation or repairs as part of your property maintenance.

The job of an electrician is to determine the wires that are needed for a particular home or business and to provide your property with adequate power in the safest possible way.

Carpentry

Carpentry stands as the largest trade out of the construction sector. Jobs within the trade range from building highways/bridges to installing kitchen cabinets.

Carpentry covers aspects of woodworking such as constructing buildings, furniture and other formations out of wood. Carpenters erect, install and repair structures which are made from wood and other materials.

Roofing

Without a properly maintained roof your home is left susceptible to damage from elements of the weather. You’re roofing and guttering need to be kept in good condition to enable your property to remain weatherproof.

The type of roof that is on your property can vary. Factors such as what the building is being used for, local traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design can all determine whether your property has a slate roof, title roof or felt roof.

Source by Helen Cox

Aerus Air Purifiers Review and Numbers Analysis

Aerus Holdings LLC is a company based out of Dallas Texas. They own 9 companies, several of which carry air purification product lines. They carry 4 models under the Aerus Company brand. Aerus technology uses HEPA standard filtration, carbon odor filtration, ionization, and Photo-Catalytic Oxidation (PCO) technology in their air cleaner systems. These air filtration systems change the air in a room 7-9 times in an hour. This is clearly one of the stand-out features of these systems. To really get the particle count low to help an asthma sufferer, the purifier should be changing the air at least 5 times an hour.

Aerus purifiers range in coverage from 100 to 2000 square feet. They also have a commercial product covering 2500 square feet. We were only able to gather enough data to analyze the AQ 1000 and Lux Guardian, which by our estimates costs in range from 26-35 cents per square foot covered per year. These estimates are based on costs spanning ten years. The cost to cover 3000 square feet with these air cleaners ranges from $7848.98 to $10585.89 over 10 years.

These Aerus systems are highly efficient at particle removal and carry quality filters. The Lux Guardian provides the best cost-benefit value because it combines the most air cleaning technologies and has the lowest cost per square foot when it is used. Aerus does not provide the same warranty to all its air purifiers. Some Aerus systems only carry a one year warranty. Others carry up to a 5 year warranty with certain exceptions. For example, some Aerus purifiers carry a 5yr warranty on the motor and fan, but only a one year warranty on all other parts. Some systems that Aerus warranty’s for one year can be upgraded to a 5 year warranty under certain conditions. If you are looking to purchase an Aerus purifier, you should consult with the company about the warranty.

Aerus air purifiers are average when compared to the options available on the market. They provide excellent filter efficiency and meet HEPA standards but they are average when it comes to cost per square foot. These air purifiers will certainly provide satisfaction to customers but they are not what we consider one of the best buys available on the market. However, these air purifiers will do well in a valuable niche market because they are quality products that address the needs of some asthma and allergy sufferers.

Source by John Paul Kane

Kennel Ventilation – Supply and Exhaust

Correctly designed ventilation can reduce or eliminate odors, reduce bacteria buildup, and help maintain that fresh clean smell in the kennel. Your pets will be happier and you’ll spend less time trying to dry floors and eliminating the odors. If you have trouble understanding information in this article, email us on the web at Sun Hill Pet Supplies.

No matter the size of your facility, ventilation will play a key role in the first impression of visitors to the kennel. Simply stated, ventilation is controlled, directed air movement.

Design basics:

  1. Air exchanges: change all of the air in the room four to six times an hour. Calculate the room volume in cubic feet, multiply the result by four, five or six, then divide by sixty to find the air volume, in cfm (cubic feet per minute).
  2. Exhaust pick-up points: most kennel odors are created at the same level as the dogs so position your exhaust pick up points lower than 30 inches to insure the odors are pulled downward, away from your nose. However, not lower than twelve inches from the floor to prevent cleaning water from entering the ventilation system.
  3. How many exhaust pick up points: Multiple points throughout the room insure air movement has the chance to properly circulate. Remember we are not talking about the return air duct to your heat system, we’re talking about exhaust vents to remove air from the room.
  4. Air supply: Install your air supply vents, high up in the room. This allows the air to flow downward to the exhaust pick up points, thereby pulling the odors down, and away from your nose. Remember, supply air must be filtered and tempered, (heated or cooled), not be raw outside air. Your HVAC contractor can install a unit that provides sufficient fresh air into the ventilation system to meet the supply requirements.
  5. Position of air supply and exhaust vents: Position the supply vents over the aisle ways and the exhaust pick up points at the back of the runs in the walls or as pipes coming down the walls. If the heating source is a “hot air” system, have one third of the heated air introduced at the floor and two thirds introduced via the vents over the aisle ways.
  6. Type and design of the exhaust fan: You’ll want to use a blower with a centrifugal wheel as the air mover. Fans and blowers that use a blade similar to that of a window fan won’t be able to overcome the static pressure created by the ductwork required for multiple pick up points
  7. Size the blower: Create a safety factor by multiplying the cfm you calculated in step #1, by 1.5 to insure your moving enough air, then choose the exhaust blower to move that amount of cfm at ½” of static pressure or higher. Static pressure is resistance to air flow, usually created by the duct system.
  8. Duct sizing: High air velocity in the system will insure good air flow so size the ducts for around 2000 fpm (feet per minute) air velocity. The easiest approach to sizing is to determine the size of duct needed to handle the total air flow, then, install that size as the primary duct, throughout the building. Determine the number of drops you want and divide the area of the primary duct by the number of drops. Each drop is then sized to that area. Use this formula to determine primary duct size: (cfm / 1500fpm) x 144 = duct area in square inches

Formula information: · http://www.Grainger.com is a great source for blowers.

· Area of a circle: radius squared times 3.14 ( [r x r] x 3.14) Example of area of 3″ round duct: (1.5 x 1.5) x 3.14 = 7.065 sq inches

· Convert square inches to square feet: divide square inches by 144. From the example above 7.065 square inches divided by 144 = .049 square feet.

Example:

1. Kennel room is 20 ft x 15 ft with a 10 ft high ceiling: 20 x 20 x 10 = 4000 cubic feet

2. Five (5) air changes per hour = 4000 x 5 = 20,000 cubic feet

3. Determine cfm (cubic feet per minute) 20,000 / 60 = 333 cfm

4. Safety factor air flow: 1.5 x 333 = 500 cfm

5. From Grainger’s: http://www.grainger.com/Grainger/items/2C946 This blower moves 537 cfm at ½” of static pressure, and is only $165.38 and can be plugged into most outlets.

6. Primary duct size in square inches: (500cfm / 2000 fpm) x 144 = 36 square inch duct. You could use 6’x 6″ square duct, or 7″ diameter round duct.

Source by Glenn Adams

What Is Importance of Air Conditioning Services?

Air conditioning is a technology which alters air properties into a condition that is favorable and comfortable. It is therefore very important in everyday living and without it the quality of life can be reduced to great levels. Today, the air conditioning units have become very popular and very important in all households. They are used in all climates and, usually, servicing of such units is required so as to make sure that they remain in the best working order at all times.

Air conditioning repair has become as essential as the units themselves. There are many service centers within towns and cities as well. There are even those that have gone the extra mile to put up websites that can be used to contact them when the need arises. It is important to choose a company with trained professionals so as to get the best quality services.

Why air conditioning is essential

Efficiency: according to research, air conditioning has been shown to increase a person’s efficiency. When one is working within a temperature that is normal, there is a limit to the quality of work delivered. When conditions improve, efficiency goes up incredibly. A person is able to work fast thereby delivering more.

Good health: in places where it is installed, the air is filtered and cleaned. There are many kinds of particles and dust that come naturally in the air and they can harm human health in a negative way. It takes care of these quite effectively. There are conditioners that have been designed so as to filter all sorts of microorganisms, smoke and bacteria. This means that it can add to the value of life and keep diseases at bay.

Low noise: in areas without ac, people prefer to use fans. Fans can create noise and they can disrupt the normal working conditions. This makes air conditioning more popular than the fans. In areas with air conditioning, the doors and windows stay closed and therefore the outside noise is kept low. It isn’t noisy either, so work or sleep cannot be disrupted unnecessarily.

There are many advantages of using good ac. It is therefore important to ensure that it stays in the best working conditions at all times. Accessing quality services can bring about a lot of satisfaction.

Some of the services that are provided

There are different services that are provided and they include:

· Gas logs

· Electronic thermostats

· Installation of carbon monoxide detectors

· Air cleaning

· Hot water boilers for residential places

· Refrigeration equipment

· Cooling at low temperature

· Water heaters

· Filtration and high efficiency systems

· Maintenance of heat exchanger

· Detection of Freon leak

· Analysis of energy survey

· Duct cleaning

The best service providers only hire highly qualified personnel at all times so as to guarantee the quality of the work provided. The best air conditioning services should be based on effectiveness and efficiency. They should be able to offer system installations and maintenance. A professional will always check your controls and thermostats during the maintenance times. The fans bearing lubrications should also be checked and only professionals can be able to carry out such tasks efficiently.

Source by Shalini Madhav

Renting a Sander for Hardwood Floor Refinishing

Before you start on your hardwood floor refinishing project, there are a few things to do in order to properly prepare. Be sure to inspect the flooring thoroughly and don’t forget to remove the floor registers. Then you must measure the thickness of your flooring. If you are dealing with oak floors, keep in mind that they are generally three-quarters of an inch thick. Usually oak wood flooring can be sanded multiple times.

Continue Your Prep…

After measuring the thickness of your flooring, if you find that they are thinner than 3/4th of an inch, it is strongly recommended to hire professional floor contractors. Thin flooring requires the highest level of carpentry and skill to avoid sanding through the sub-flooring.

Moving along, it is also helpful to remove shoe molding to support sanding from wall to wall. Afterwards, be sure to tighten loose boards, pull out protruding nails (sanding nail heads is a fire hazard!), and finish by checking the fuse supply. In an older property, the sander you rent can overload the circuit.

Also be sure your work space has adequate ventilation. You don’t want to breathe in excess sanding dust and debris! Wedge towels at the bottom of doors, hang drop cloths in doorways, and sweep the floor before getting started. Now it’s time to rent a quality sander for the job!

In-Store Sander Rentals

When you are renting a power sander, it is important to choose a trusted retailer that employs a staff adept in power tool usage and safety. Talk to the salesman about how to use the sander, and be sure to request the owners’ manual for manufacturer instructions. Don’t forget to ask about any special attachments, accessories, or wrenches you may need to operate the sander more effectively.

While in the store, grab a shopping cart and add in a few extra materials to make the sanding process safer and more comfortable. This includes a dust mask or respirator, work gloves, ear plugs, and drop cloths. Next, you will need to purchase accessories for your sander that are not included in the rental, namely sandpaper. You will need to ask the staff which type of sandpaper you will need for your particular sander and project.

For hardwood floor restoration and power sanders, you can expect to buy sanding discs, sheets, or belts. You will most likely need at least 10 of whichever material you choose. For larger rooms, you will need more. If you need to remove paint or tarnish first, you will have to start with a courser grit, like 16 or 20; but as you move on, you can use grits between 36 and 80. As a finish, you will need a finer grit, usually around 100 or so.

Do your research to know exactly which grits you’ll need for your sanding project. If you truly want a professional finish, rent two sanders: a large, powerful sander for main portions, and a smaller edge sander for more exacting one for corners and against walls.

Source by Sarahbeth Kluzinski